The dynamic excitation of the gear system is transmitted to the box primarily through the bearing. In order to reduce the vibration response of the box, appropriate measures can be taken at the bearing position. Taking a single-stage spur gearbox as the research object, a suitable integral squeeze film damper (ISFD) structure is designed, and the application of ISFD in the gearbox is studied. The vibrations of the gearbox body with the traditional rigid support and ISFD elastic damping support are installed under different load and speed conditions are measured. The research results show that the ISFD elastic damping support can effectively reduce the shock vibration of the gearbox at different speeds, improve the dynamic performance of the gearbox, and ensure the stable operation of the gear system. The experimental data under different load conditions show that ISFD is effective for gears with different loads. The gearbox has good damping performance; ISFD has a good suppression effect on high-frequency vibration components such as the meshing frequency of the gearbox and its frequency multiplication. The research results can provide references for the practical engineering application of ISFD in gearboxes.