The penetration mechanism of jacked pile is complicated， and the different form of pile end is one of the main reasons for the different penetration characteristics of jacked pile. A new method using fiber Bragg grating （FBG） sensing technology to monitor the penetration characteristics of jacked piles is proposed. The method is to paste sensitized miniature fiber Bragg grating sensor on the outer wall of the inner tube of the open pile. The outer wall of the outer tube is embedded by slotted fiber Bragg grating sensor to analyze the penetration characteristics of the jacked pile by monitoring the vertical deformation of the outer wall of the inner tube and the outer wall of the outer tube respectively. Through the comparative analysis of installing the dual-mode self-compensation FBG earth pressure sensor and the full-section dynamic wheel spoke pressure sensor at the pile tip and pile end， the new method is suitable for the jacked pile test of open pile and closed pile， which provides a new idea for the wide application of fiber optic sensing technology in geotechnical engineering.