The fluctuation mechanism produced by pressure transient flow in a pip eline system and its propagation characteristics were introduced. Then vibration excitation system by pressure transient flow was analyzed by using classical hy draulic fluctuation equations, in which the control law of press and fluid veloc ity was researched. After establishing a vibration excitation test system using pressure transient flow, the parameters such as pressure, acceleration and ampli tude of vibration on different measuring point, were measured and analyzed in di fferent working conditions. The results show that amplitude of pressure, vibrati on frequency and displacement, velocity of excitation system of pressure transie nt flow are fully controlled and regulated by setting frequencies of wave excite r and system pressure.