The feasibility of using evolutionary structural optimization(ESO) for damage localization with the modal parameters of resonant frequencies and anti-resonant frequencies is investigated. The anti-resonant frequency sensitivity is afforded, the formulations for damage localization is built, and the damage localization method is given for the damaged structures. Illustrations are presented for the structures with one or multiple damage. The example demonstrate that based on the modal parameters, due to the characteristics of topology optimization, the search performed globally over the entire structure for defects could find the location of the damage exactly.