Aiming at the problem of shape perception and reconstruction of wing structure of high-performance aircraft experiment model, a method for real-time wing shape detection and visualization reconstruction based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor array is proposed. Firstly, on the basis of analysis of curvature detection technology of FBG sensor, the research of reconstruction algorithm for wing shape based on distributed curvature is carried out. Secondly, according to response characteristics and finite element analysis results of experiment model, the scheme of optimal layout of distributed FBG sensor array is studied. Finally, the aircraft experiment model platform is constructed and the visualization software environment is developed. The experimental analysis and verification of static bending, as well as real time vibration shape perception and reconstruction of the wing structure, are carried out. The results show that the effect of real-time shape perception and reconstruction is good, and the change of static bending and real-time vibration shape is much more accurate. Furthermore, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method and technology of non-vision detection of structure shape is verified.