In order to get the vibration characteristics of rail installed on different fastening system, the dynamic test has been made on the rail using WJ-7 type fastener as sample indoor with the hammer excitation method. Based on the signal analysis and processing platform of MATLAB software, the time-frequency characteristics of vibration signals are analyzed using the linear short-time Fourier transform and nonlinear Page transformation, Zhao-Atlas-Marks transform. The results show that the vibration of rail foot is mainly concentrated in the high-frequency and wherein the 2, 250 Hz vibration energy is the largest with the longest duration. The STFT has higher time and frequency resolution, and the inherent property of rail foot could correspond to each other in time domain, frequency domain and time-frequency domain. The nonlinear Page time frequency has a better resolution in the high frequency band with high energy, but powerless in the low-frequency band. Nonlinear Zhao-Atlas-Marks time-frequency analysis has a better effect in the low frequency band, while it is not very satisfactory in the high-frequency band. The results could provide the basis for the control of the vibration and noise of the track structure.