The vibration and noise sources between a pure electric vehicle and an internal combustion engine vehicle are very different due to their different powertrains. In this paper, the vibration and noise characteristics of an electric powertrain are tested in a semi-anechoic chamber. Spectral and order analyses are used to identify the electric powertrain′s main vibration and noise sources. The contribution of each excitation to vibrations and noises in different conditions is analyzed, and the sound quality of the electric powertrain is analyzed based on psychoacoustic parameters. This research provides experimental support for the noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) optimization of the electric powertrain and demonstrates the need for further research on electric vehicle sound quality.