In order to investigate the influence of heavy haul freight cars provided by the bogie, a 40-ton axle-load ore car is taken as the research object, the mechanics simulation model of the vehicle is established and the car on the basis of areal vehicle assembly model, and the modes are analyzed using the finite element method. A modal experiment is taken on a real vehicle, and by comparing the calculated and experimental results, the impact of the bogie on modal analysis of heavy haul freight cars is studied from two aspects: the rigid body vibration modes and elastomer vibration modes. The results show that the vehicle model considering bogie mass, stiffness and constraints can more accurately describe the modal characteristics of the real vehicle.