In order to increase the structure-penetrating ability of a wireless node in structural health monitoring, this paper presents a design method of a wireless node with structure-penetrating ability for aircraft structures that works at a frequency of 433MHz. The hardware implementation and network protocol design were introduced. The design method of the wireless node was verified experimentally by comparing the strain monitored by the designed wireless node and conventional strain test system. The structure-penetrating ability of the designed wireless node was proven to be stronger than that of a 2.4GHz based Telosb node by comparing their respective packet loss rates while they were in a carbon fiber composite wing box. The energy consumption measurement results show that the energy consumption of the wireless node was less than that of the Telosb node.