Based on the multi-body system dynamics theory, a plateau locomotive dynamic model is established with two kinds of different suspension schemes. The effects of μ on the acceleration of bogie, carbody and vertical wheel rail force are analyzed. It is pointed that with the increase of μ, ranging from 0.5 to 3, the vertical acceleration of frame and vertical wheel rail force climb up to 11.24% and 12.2%; the vertical riding quality and acceleration of carbody go down by 11.3% and 15%. Then the influence of different suspension stiffness distribution schemes on vehicle/track vibration characteristics is investigated. The results indicate that the selection of a larger secondary suspension stiffness deteriorate vehicle sperling index. While a smaller primary suspension stiffness can reduce the vertical impact between wheel and rail caused by track irregularity. Especially, the low frequency vibration is inhibited, which do damage to the foundation under rail. The influence of locomotive on ballast and subgrade is decreased during the running process and the subgrade settlement is improved.