Temperature is an important factor affecting the quality of ultrasonic consolidation. Due to the difficulty of direct measurement of the temperature in the consolidated area, this research illustrated the influence of process parameters on the consolidation temperature through numerical simulation. Firstly, based on the Hertz contact theory and the Coulomb friction law, the friction work in the consolidation area is analyzed, and the heating model of the consolidation area is established. Secondly, the three-dimensional thermal conduction finite element model of titanium aluminum foil is established, and the influence of the main process parameters on the temperature field distribution in the consolidation area is analyzed. Finally, in order to verify the validity of the model, a temperature test platform for ultrasonic consolidation is established, and the temperature of consolidation is measured by means of embedding thermocouple in the substrate. It is found that the experimental results are basically consistent with the trend of the numerical simulation results, which confirms the validity of the model.