The study and the value suggestion of wind vibration coefficient are aimed at external wind load in existing specification and literature, which considers the internal wind vibration coefficient is consistent with the external wind vibration coefficient. This method cannot truly reflect the wind vibration effect caused by the internal wind pressure. To contrastively study the wind vibration characteristics and wind vibration coefficient of a super large cooling tower under the internal and external wind load, an under-construction domestic 210m large cooling tower is set as the research object. Rigid wind tunnel test is conducted to obtain the average and fluctuating wind load inside and outside surface. On this basis, the integrated finite element model of tower cylinder-strut-ring foundation is established. The transient dynamic analysis is used to calculate and analyze the wind vibration response and the coefficient of the super large cooling tower under the internal and external wind load. The standards of wind vibration coefficients under the four typical target responses, the radial displacement, the meridional axial force, the Von Mises stress and the circumferential bending moment, are discussed. The distribution laws of one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional internal and external wind-induced vibration coefficients of the super large cooling tower are extracted. In the end, the value suggestion and the two-dimensional fitting formula of wind vibration coefficients are given. The main conclusions can provide a scientific basis for the accurate value of the wind vibration coefficient of this kind of super large cooling towers.