It is of great significance to reveal the sensitivity of structural parameters to the natural frequencies of large cooling towers, such as the wind resistance, seismic design and dynamic characteristics optimization design of cooling towers. The natural frequencies of the existing cooling towers are mainly obtained by finite element analysis, and there is no simple and effective formula for estimating the natural frequencies of the cooling towers. In order to resolve this problem, taking a large cooling tower as the reference tower, firstly, 38 models of the reference tower are obtained by changing the typical parameters of the structure, and the dynamic characteristics are analyzed. The law of fundamental frequency and overturning frequency changing with the structure parameters is extracted. Then, the sensitivity of the structural natural frequency parameters is analyzed by perturbation and Latin hypercube sampling method, and the sensitive factors of various structural parameters under different orders are obtained. On this basis, the practical estimation formula of multi-parameter fundamental frequency and overturning frequency considering sensitivity factor weight is innovatively fitted. Finally, in order to verify the accuracy of the formula for the estimation of the natural frequencies, the error analysis of the cooling towers selected by the research group is carried out.