Multiple tuned mass damper (MTMD) are often used to control the vertical vibration of large-span floor structures. In order to improve their shortcoming of highly sensitive to frequency deviation and difficult to retune frequency, an adaptive-passive multiple TMD(AP-MTMD) system is proposed. Each adaptive-passive TMD in the system has a variable mass and a servo control system, which consists of an acceleration sensor, a control circuit board and a drive device. Under environmental excitation, the control circuit board collects the acceleration signal from the main structure through frequency identification method based on wavelet transformation (WT) to identify the structural first order frequency, and then starts the drive to change the quality of TMD to retune it to the primary structural frequency. A long-span floor structure is proposed as an example. By field measurement, the finite element model is updated, and then according to the original finite element model, an AP-MTMD system is designed, and the robustness of frequency adaptive adjustment is verified. Finally, by applying several pedestrian loads, vibration control effects of MTMD system before and after the adaptive adjustment on the updated model are compared. The results show that the AP-MTMD can automatically retune its frequency and improve the vibration control effect to the floor structure.