In order to reveal the influence of vibration stress relief (VSR) on the surface integrity including residual stress, hardness and microstructure of structural parts, the 7075 aluminum alloy structural parts is taken as the research object. The software ANSYS is used to build VSR finite element model, the optimum excitation frequency and sample clamping position are obtained by modal analysis. On this basis, three thin-walled components are placed in different positions of the platform for VSR, and the effect of VSR on the surface properties of the samples is obtained. The results show that when the sub resonance frequency is 112 Hz, the stress release rate of the specimen is 27% at the middle position of the excitation source and at the max amplitude position. At the same time, electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) electron microscope observation shows that there is obvious orientation area change in the surface structure grain after VSR, the change of energy and dislocation proliferation brought by grain growth, and the increase of recrystallization grain improves the surface performance, making the surface hardness of the material promote about 10%~17%. The results show that VSR with platform can change and optimize the surface integrity of materials.