The vibration of reciprocating compressor pipeline system is a common problem in modern industry. In order to avoid the shutdown of the device and the damage to the existing pipeline， the vibration reduction research is carried out from the perspective of stiffness control. Firstly， the effect of system stiffness on pipeline vibration and stiffness control is the key to pipeline vibration reduction from vibration theory. Furthermore， from the two aspects of numerical simulation of stiffness treatment and stiffness control of actual vibration reduction， the vibration damping technology for controlling pipeline vibration by adjusting system stiffness is described. Specifically， a damper unidirectional stiffness controllable and a bidirectional stiffness controllable pipe damper device are introduced. Finally， taking the vibration reduction of the reciprocating compressor piping system of a petrochemical enterprise as an example， the practical application of this technology in the industrial field is introduced. Practical results show that the joint stiffness calculated through the combination of measured data and software optimization can better restore the real vibration site. The designed stiffness adjustment damping device can effectively reduce the vibration of the reciprocating compressor piping system and ensure the safe operation of the equipment.