Aiming at the problem of fire rescue in high-rise buildings， a high-falling buffer protection system based on negative Poisson's ratio buffer net is proposed. Firstly， a large deformation flexible buffer net with hexagonal mesh structure and its matching multi-stage buffer mechanism are designed， and a dynamic analytical model of the impact process between the buffer net and the human body is established based on the finite element method； secondly， the finite element model of the buffer system is established， impact dynamics simulation is performed， to verify the effectiveness of the buffer system for the protection of falling personnel； finally， based on the similarity principle， a 1/8 scale model test is designed to verify the practical effect of the system. The results show that the simulation is in good agreement， which verifies the effectiveness of the buffer system and the accuracy of the finite element model. The buffer system can effectively protect the safety of people who fall below 30 m， and the maximum overload of the human body does not exceed 5.5g during the buffering process， which is of great significance for ensuring the safety of high-altitude workers and the success of high-altitude rescue operations.