The classical spectral representation method （SRM） based on theoretical spectrum can effectively simulate most wind velocities in nature. However， it has great deviation and low simulation efficiency as applied to the simulation of extreme non-stationary measured wind velocity. To solve this problem， this paper takes typhoon "Dujuan" （weak non-stationary） and measured downburst （strong non-stationary） as the research background. Taking the measured wind velocity spectrum as the target， the theoretical spectrum is modified， and the simulation scheme based on the modified spectrum is established to make the simulated wind velocity more close to the measured wind velocity. Time-frequency interpolation technology is introduced into the simulation of wind velocity based on modified spectrum. And an adaptive interpolation-enhanced scheme is devised， which uses "average resolution" as the quantization index. The automatic determination of non-uniform distribution of interpolation points in time and frequency domain is realized， which avoids the local precision loss in time and frequency domain and the trouble of testing interpolation parameters manually. The final simulation results are very close to the measured wind velocities， the time-domain characteristics and power spectrum characteristics of the non-stationary measured wind velocity are well retained. Moreover， the introduction of interpolation technology， the simulation efficiency is improved by about 78%， when the error loss is reduced by about 76%.