In order to study the influence of vehicle vibration on the temperature and vibration characteristics of the braking system of high-speed trains， a model of the whole vehicle dynamics of high-speed trains was established and verified by field experimental tests. Then a thermal-mechanical coupling finite element model of the disc-block braking system is developed， and it is verified by comparing the temperature distribution of the interface of the simulated and tested friction blocks. Finally， based on the vibration environment obtained from the vehicle dynamics model， the temperature and vibration characteristics of the braking system under the effect of simple harmonic excitation and track irregularity excitation are systematically investigated. The results show that the root mean square value of the vibration acceleration of the braking system increases by 304% and 24%， respectively， with the effects of harmonic excitation frequency was 20 times the rotational frequency and track irregularity compared to the results without external excitations. Besides， the external excitation causes a complex local contact behavior of the system， resulting in a difference in the temperature maximum at the friction block interface and in the temperature field distribution compared to the case without external excitation. Therefore， it is necessary to consider the influence of the vehicle vibration environment when analyzing and evaluating the temperature and vibration characteristics of high-speed train braking systems， especially under continuous long ramp braking conditions.